我们提出了一种从演示方法（LFD）方法的新颖学习，即示范（DMFD）的可变形操作，以使用状态或图像作为输入（给定的专家演示）来求解可变形的操纵任务。我们的方法以三种不同的方式使用演示，并平衡在线探索环境和使用专家的指导之间进行权衡的权衡，以有效地探索高维空间。我们在一组一维绳索的一组代表性操纵任务上测试DMFD，并从软件套件中的一套二维布和2维布进行测试，每个任务都带有状态和图像观测。对于基于状态的任务，我们的方法超过基线性能高达12.9％，在基于图像的任务上最多超过33.44％，具有可比或更好的随机性。此外，我们创建了两个具有挑战性的环境，用于使用基于图像的观测值折叠2D布，并为其设定性能基准。与仿真相比，我们在现实世界执行过程中归一化性能损失最小的真实机器人（约为6％），我们将DMFD部署为最小。源代码在github.com/uscresl/dmfd上

在这项工作中，我们提出了FedSSO，这是一种用于联合学习的服务器端二阶优化方法（FL）。与以前朝这个方向的工作相反，我们在准牛顿方法中采用了服务器端近似，而无需客户的任何培训数据。通过这种方式，我们不仅将计算负担从客户端转移到服务器，而且还消除了客户和服务器之间二阶更新的附加通信。我们为我们的新方法的收敛提供了理论保证，并从经验上证明了我们在凸面和非凸面设置中的快速收敛和沟通节省。

由于使用语音处理系统（VPS）在日常生活中继续变得更加普遍，通过增加商业语音识别设备等应用以及主要文本到语音软件，因此对这些系统的攻击越来越复杂，各种各样的，不断发展。随着VPS的用例快速发展到新的空间和目的，对隐私的潜在后果越来越危险。此外，不断增长的数量和越来越多的空中攻击的实用性使系统失败更可能。在本文中，我们将识别和分类对语音处理系统的独特攻击的安排。多年来，研究已经从专业，未标准的攻击中迁移，导致系统的故障以及拒绝服务更加普遍的目标攻击，这些攻击可以强迫对手控制的结果。目前和最常用的机器学习系统和深神经网络在现代语音处理系统的核心内部建立，重点是性能和可扩展性而不是安全性。因此，我们对我们来重新评估发展语音处理景观并确定当前攻击和防御的状态，以便我们可能会建议未来的发展和理论改进。

由于在存在障碍物和高维视觉观测的情况下，由于在存在障碍和高维视觉观测的情况下，学习复杂的操纵任务是一个具有挑战性的问题。事先工作通过整合运动规划和强化学习来解决勘探问题。但是，运动计划程序增强策略需要访问状态信息，该信息通常在现实世界中不可用。为此，我们建议通过（1）视觉行为克隆以通过（1）视觉行为克隆来将基于国家的运动计划者增强策略，以删除运动计划员依赖以及其抖动运动，以及（2）基于视觉的增强学习来自行为克隆代理的平滑轨迹的指导。我们在阻塞环境中的三个操作任务中评估我们的方法，并将其与各种加固学习和模仿学习基线进行比较。结果表明，我们的框架是高度采样的和优于最先进的算法。此外，与域随机化相结合，我们的政策能够用零击转移到未经分散的人的未经环境环境。 https://clvrai.com/mopa-pd提供的代码和视频

We address the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation when the source domain differs from the target domain because of a shift in the distribution of a latent subgroup. When this subgroup confounds all observed data, neither covariate shift nor label shift assumptions apply. We show that the optimal target predictor can be non-parametrically identified with the help of concept and proxy variables available only in the source domain, and unlabeled data from the target. The identification results are constructive, immediately suggesting an algorithm for estimating the optimal predictor in the target. For continuous observations, when this algorithm becomes impractical, we propose a latent variable model specific to the data generation process at hand. We show how the approach degrades as the size of the shift changes, and verify that it outperforms both covariate and label shift adjustment.

We introduce the Conditional Independence Regression CovariancE (CIRCE), a measure of conditional independence for multivariate continuous-valued variables. CIRCE applies as a regularizer in settings where we wish to learn neural features $\varphi(X)$ of data $X$ to estimate a target $Y$, while being conditionally independent of a distractor $Z$ given $Y$. Both $Z$ and $Y$ are assumed to be continuous-valued but relatively low dimensional, whereas $X$ and its features may be complex and high dimensional. Relevant settings include domain-invariant learning, fairness, and causal learning. The procedure requires just a single ridge regression from $Y$ to kernelized features of $Z$, which can be done in advance. It is then only necessary to enforce independence of $\varphi(X)$ from residuals of this regression, which is possible with attractive estimation properties and consistency guarantees. By contrast, earlier measures of conditional feature dependence require multiple regressions for each step of feature learning, resulting in more severe bias and variance, and greater computational cost. When sufficiently rich features are used, we establish that CIRCE is zero if and only if $\varphi(X) \perp \!\!\! \perp Z \mid Y$. In experiments, we show superior performance to previous methods on challenging benchmarks, including learning conditionally invariant image features.

The detection and prevention of illegal fishing is critical to maintaining a healthy and functional ecosystem. Recent research on ship detection in satellite imagery has focused exclusively on performance improvements, disregarding detection efficiency. However, the speed and compute cost of vessel detection are essential for a timely intervention to prevent illegal fishing. Therefore, we investigated optimization methods that lower detection time and cost with minimal performance loss. We trained an object detection model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) using a dataset of satellite images. Then, we designed two efficiency optimizations that can be applied to the base CNN or any other base model. The optimizations consist of a fast, cheap classification model and a statistical algorithm. The integration of the optimizations with the object detection model leads to a trade-off between speed and performance. We studied the trade-off using metrics that give different weight to execution time and performance. We show that by using a classification model the average precision of the detection model can be approximated to 99.5% in 44% of the time or to 92.7% in 25% of the time.

Quantifying the deviation of a probability distribution is challenging when the target distribution is defined by a density with an intractable normalizing constant. The kernel Stein discrepancy (KSD) was proposed to address this problem and has been applied to various tasks including diagnosing approximate MCMC samplers and goodness-of-fit testing for unnormalized statistical models. This article investigates a convergence control property of the diffusion kernel Stein discrepancy (DKSD), an instance of the KSD proposed by Barp et al. (2019). We extend the result of Gorham and Mackey (2017), which showed that the KSD controls the bounded-Lipschitz metric, to functions of polynomial growth. Specifically, we prove that the DKSD controls the integral probability metric defined by a class of pseudo-Lipschitz functions, a polynomial generalization of Lipschitz functions. We also provide practical sufficient conditions on the reproducing kernel for the stated property to hold. In particular, we show that the DKSD detects non-convergence in moments with an appropriate kernel.

Can continuous diffusion models bring the same performance breakthrough on natural language they did for image generation? To circumvent the discrete nature of text data, we can simply project tokens in a continuous space of embeddings, as is standard in language modeling. We propose Self-conditioned Embedding Diffusion, a continuous diffusion mechanism that operates on token embeddings and allows to learn flexible and scalable diffusion models for both conditional and unconditional text generation. Through qualitative and quantitative evaluation, we show that our text diffusion models generate samples comparable with those produced by standard autoregressive language models - while being in theory more efficient on accelerator hardware at inference time. Our work paves the way for scaling up diffusion models for text, similarly to autoregressive models, and for improving performance with recent refinements to continuous diffusion.

当歌曲创作或演奏时，歌手/词曲作者通常会出现通过它表达感受或情感的意图。对于人类而言，将音乐作品或表演中的情感与观众的主观感知相匹配可能会非常具有挑战性。幸运的是，此问题的机器学习方法更简单。通常，它需要一个数据集，从该数据集中提取音频功能以将此信息呈现给数据驱动的模型，从而又将训练以预测给定歌曲与目标情绪匹配的概率是什么。在本文中，我们研究了最近出版物中最常见的功能和模型来解决此问题，揭示了哪些最适合在无伴奏歌曲中识别情感。